Obstetrics & Gynecology

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Fellowship Programs

Research Experience

MFM research

Research Curriculum

Research training is focused on the interests of the individual fellow. We have opportunities for research in epidemiology, clinical trials, translation research, and basic science. Fellows will design their research projects in collaboration with mentors within the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine.  We encourage a multidisciplinary approach to research. Current studies in the department are conducted in conjunction with investigators from the College of Medicine, College of Public Health, College of Nursing, College of Engineering, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, and College of Arts and Sciences. You can view our Research Curriculum here!

Training also includes formal conferences and didactic lectures focused on research education. 

  • Journal Club (monthly) 
  • Research Seminar (monthly) 
  • Perinatal Research Seminar (quarterly)
  • Divisional Research updates (quarterly)    

The research curriculum includes both a formal didactic component and practical research experience that will provide a well-rounded experience in study design, study execution, manuscript preparation, and grant writing.

Research Seminar

Didactic sessions are taught to all OBGYN subspecialty fellows over the course of both semesters for one hour a month. Topics include the following:

  • Responsible Conduct of Research/Ethics
  • Introduction to Epidemiology 
  • Introduction to Biostatistics 
  • Statistical Methods in Epidemiology 
  • Rates and Proportions 
  • Regression Analysis 
  • Observational Studies
  • Clinical Trials I & II
  • Health Outcomes Research 
  • Informatics in Research
  • Translational Research I &II
  • Basic Science Techniques

Practical Experience

Each fellow is assigned to a faculty mentor whose research interests most closely match those of the fellow. Faculty and fellow work closely together in developing and conducting a series of research projects designed to give the fellow practical experience in the research methodologies that will be essential for success in the fellow's content area.   

The fellow is expected to complete research projects during the three years of fellowship. Typically, this includes retrospective studies, meta-analysis, and at least one prospective study.  Additional research projects are encouraged.  

Recent Fellow Publications

    • Sawangkum P, Ros S. Elevated Blood Sugars: Neonatal Implications of Gestational Diabetes. Neoreviews. 2023 Jun 1;24(6):e388-e392. doi: 10.1542/neo.24-6-e388. PMID: 37258500.
    • Sawangkum P, Al Jumaily M, Hathorn T, Heinsimer K, Mikhail E. Isolated Retroperitoneal Deep Infiltrating Endosalpingiosis in Absence of Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2023 May;30(5):350-352. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.02.006. Epub 2023 Feb 10. PMID: 36773696.
    • Duncan JR, Sawangkum P, Hoover EA, Aziz MM, Vilchez G. Birthweight and Apgar at 5 minutes of life for the prediction of severe neonatal outcomes in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Dec;35(23):4521-4525. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1854214. Epub 2020 Dec 1. PMID: 33403889.
    • Sawangkum P, Louis JM. Gestational Weight Gain: Achieving a Healthier Weight Between Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2020 Sep;47(3):397-407. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Jun 3. PMID: 32762925.
    • De Assis V, Shields AD, Johansson A, Shumbusho DI, York BM. Resuscitation of traumatic maternal cardiac arrest: A case report and summary of recommendations from Obstetric Life Support™. Trauma Case Rep. 2023 Feb 18;44:100800. doi: 10.1016/j.tcr.2023.100800. PMID: 36895863; PMCID: PMC9988540.
    • Guo X, Semerci N, De Assis V, Kayisli UA, Schatz F, Steffensen TS, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lockwood CJ. Regulation of Proinflammatory Molecules and Tissue Factor by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Placental Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis in Pregnant Women. Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 7;13:876555. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876555. PMID: 35464466; PMCID: PMC9022221.
    • Shields A, De Assis V, Halscott T. Top 10 Pearls for the Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Maternal Sepsis. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Aug 1;138(2):289-304. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004471. PMID: 34237760; PMCID: PMC8288480.
    • Akers AN, Vest A, Schenone CV, Rodriguez A. Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection Syndrome in Pregnancy. Cureus. 2023 Aug 16;15(8):e43568. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43568. PMID: 37719554; PMCID: PMC10503402.
    • Abrao Trad AT, Buddington R, Enninga E, Duncan J, Schenone CV, Mari G, Buddington K, Schenone M. Report of an Experiment With a Fetal Ex-Utero Support System in Piglets. Cureus. 2023 Apr 27;15(4):e38223. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38223. PMID: 37252594; PMCID: PMC10224797.
    • Abrao Trad AT, Buddington R, Enninga E, Duncan J, Schenone CV, Mari G, Buddington K, Schenone M. Report of an Experiment With a Fetal Ex-Utero Support System in Piglets. Cureus. 2023 Apr 27;15(4):e38223. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38223. PMID: 37252594; PMCID: PMC10224797.
    • Schenone CV, Argoti P, Goedecke P, Mari G. Neonatal blood pressure before and after delayed umbilical cord clamping. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Dec;35(25):5260-5264. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1876656. Epub 2021 Jan 21. PMID: 33478292.
    • Duncan JR, Schenone CV, Običan SG. Third trimester uterine artery Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Oct 1;34(5):292-299. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000809. Epub 2022 Jul 16. PMID: 35895911.
    • Delgado A, Kendle AM, Randis T, Donda K, Salemi JL, Facco FL, Parker CB, Reddy UM, Silver RM, Basner RC, Chung JH, Schubert FP, Pien GW, Redline S, Parry S, Grobman WA, Zee PC, Louis JM. Association between Sleep Disordered Breathing and Neonatal Outcomes in Nulliparous Individuals. Am J Perinatol. 2023 Jul 29. doi: 10.1055/a-2115-0147. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37380034.
    • Kendle AM, Swanson J, Salemi JL, Louis JM. Association of Insomnia with 30-Day Postpartum Readmission: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 May 25;20(11):5955. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20115955. PMID: 37297559; PMCID: PMC10252679.
    • Kendle AM, Salemi JL, Jackson CL, Buysse DJ, Louis JM. Insomnia during pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity in the united states: nationally representative data from 2006 to 2017. Sleep. 2022 Oct 10;45(10):zsac175. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac175. PMID: 35901516; PMCID: PMC9548669.
    • Kendle AM, Roekner JT, Santillana EC, Kis LE, Cain MA. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators During Pregnancy: A Case Series. Cureus. 2021 Aug 25;13(8):e17427. PMID: 34589336. 
    • Kendle AM, Salemi JL, Tanner JP, Louis JM. Delivery-associated sepsis: trends in prevalence and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Feb 13. 2019 Apr;220(4):391.e1-391.e16. PMID: 30786257. 
    • Kendle AM, Louis J. Recognition and treatment of sepsis in pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018 May; 63(3): 347-351. PMID: 29733491. Kendle AM, Salemi JL, Tanner JP, Louis JM. Delivery-associated sepsis: trends in prevalence and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Feb 13. PMID: 30786257.
    • Kendle AM, Louis J. Recognition and treatment of sepsis in pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018 May; 63(3): 347-351. PMID: 29733491.
    • Roeckner JT, Odibo L, Odibo A. The value of fetal growth biometry velocities to predict large for gestational age (LGA) infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;1-6. PMID: 32546027Roeckner JT, Krstic N, Sipe BH, Obican S. N95 filtering facepiece respirator use during pregnancy: A systematic review. Am J Perinatol. 2020; 10:1055. PMID: 32438427Roeckner JT, Louis-Jacques A, Zwiebel B, Judette L. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm and embolization during pregnancy. BMJ Case Reports.  2020; 13(5) pii: e234058. PMID: 32385120Roeckner JT, Sachez-Ramos L, Duncan JR. Letter to the editor: A low cost approach for salpingectomy during cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. PMID: 32247838
    • Roeckner JT, Sawangkum P, Sachez-Ramos L, Duncan JR. Salpingectomy at the Time of Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(3):550-557.
    • Mitta M, Sanchez-Ramos L, Roeckner JT, Bennett S, Kovacs A, Kaunitz AM. A Low 50-gram, 1-hour Glucose Challenge Test Value Predicts Neonatal Birth Weight Less than the 10th Percentile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Perinatol. 2020;10. PMID 31986539
    • Roeckner JT, Bennett S, Mitta M, Sanchez-Ramos L, Kaunitz AM. Pregnancy outcomes associated with an abnormal 50-g glucose screen during pregnancy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;1–9. PMID: 31893960
    • Roeckner JT, Sanchez-Ramos L. Reply. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;S0002-9378(19)32632-8. PMID 31756309
    • Roeckner JT, Sanchez-Ramos L, Mitta M, Kovacs A, Kaunitz AM. Povidone-iodine 1% is the most effective vaginal antiseptic for preventing post-cesarean endometritis: a systematic review and network metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 221(3):261-e1. PMID: 30954518
    • Roeckner, JT, Peebles, AB. A Look Through Time: Historical Analysis of Obstetrics and Gynecology Texts Highlights Changes in Medicine. South Med J. 2018 Jun;111(6):313-316. PMID: 29863216
    • Roeckner JT., Sanchez-Ramos L., Kaunitz A. The Impact of Obesity on Operative Time and Blood Loss during Cesarean Delivery. J Gynecol Women’s Health and Res. 2017, Nov; 1(1): 1-5.·
    • Roeckner, JT., Sanchez-Ramos, L., Jijon-Knupp, R., Kaunitz AM. Single abnormal value on 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016, Sep; 215(3): 287-97. PMID: 27133007.
    • Price CR, Roeckner JT, Odibo L, Odibo A. Comparing fetal biometric growth velocity versus estimated fetal weight for prediction of neonatal small for gestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Nov 10:1-6. PMID: 33172312.
    • Sanchez-Ramos L, McCullough D, Mitta M, Gonzalez K, Roeckner JT, Kaunitz AM. Umbilical cord milking increases the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extreme preterm neonates: a multi treatment comparison. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;S0002-9378(20)30668-2. PMID: 32593537
    • Leavitt K, Odibo L, Nwosu O, Odibo AO. Comparing the cerebro-placental to umbilico-cerebral Doppler ratios for the prediction of adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Dec;35(25):5904-5908. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1901880. Epub 2021 Apr 5. PMID: 33820478.
    • Duncan J, Leavitt K, Duncan K, Vilchez G. Detection of small for gestational age in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes by Hadlock versus the Fetal Medicine Foundation growth charts. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2021 May;64(3):248-256. doi: 10.5468/ogs.20267. Epub 2021 Feb 9. PMID: 33486918; PMCID: PMC8138067.
    • Nwabuobi C, Odibo L, Camisasca-Lopina H, Leavitt K, Tuuli M, Odibo AO. Comparing INTERGROWTH-21st Century and Hadlock growth standards to predict small for gestational age and short-term neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Jun;33(11):1906-1912. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1533945. Epub 2019 Jan 6. PMID: 30614334.
    • Leavitt K, Odibo L, Nwabuobi C, Tuuli MG, Odibo A. The value of introducing cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) versus umbilical artery (UA) Doppler alone for the prediction of neonatal small for gestational age (SGA) and short-term adverse outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jul 21:1-5. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1640206
    • Leavitt K, Običan S, Yankowitz J. Treatment and Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy. Clin Perinatol. 2019 Jun;46(2):173-185. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Mar 30. PMID: 31010554.
    • Odibo AO, Nwabuobi C, Odibo L, Leavitt K, Obican S, Tuuli MG. Customized fetal growth standard compared with the INTERGROWTH-21st century standard at predicting small-for-gestational-age neonates. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2018.
    • Chromosomal microarray in prenatal diagnosis: case studies and clinical challenges. Leavitt, K, Goldwaser, T., Bhat, G., Khalia, I., Klugman, SD, Dolan S. Personalized Medicine. 2016, Apr; 1(pme150003): 1. Cited in PubMed; PMID: 1. Pub Status: Published
    • Hot Topics of the 19th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy 2015.
    • Leavitt, K. Journal of Fetal Medicine. DOI 10.1007/s40556-016-0074 Revision of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein for neural tube defect screening in modern obstetrics Muns, S., de la Vega, A., Leavitt, K., Hawayek, J. Revista Latinoamericana de Perinatologia. 2015, Dec; 18(4): 240-24. Cited in PubMed. PMID: ISSN: 1390-8480. Pub Status: Published.
    • Antenatal screening for Down Syndrome with special considerations in the Puerto Rican population.  López-Cepero, R., Lynch, L., Zorrilla, C., Leavitt, K., De la Vega, A. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, vol.30,4. Dec 2011 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22263303
    • Louis-Jacques A, Salihu HM, King LM, Paothong A, Sinkey RG, Salemi JL, Pradhan A, Siegel E, Riggs B, Whiteman VE. The positive association between umbilical cord red blood cell folate and fetal telomere length at birth supports a potential for fetal re-programming. Nutrition Research. PMID: 27269132
    • Louis-Jacques, A.F., Maggio L, Romero St. “Prenatal Screening for Thrombophilias: Indications and Controversies, an Update.” Clin Lab Med. 2016 Jun. PMID: 27235922
    • Louis-Jacques, A. F., et al. "Umbilical cord blood telomere length and folate levels–a potential pathway for fetal re-programming." Nutrition Research (2016). In Press.
    • Louis-Jacques AF, Obican S, Nguyen T, Odibo A. Prenatal Diagnosis of Aortopulmonary Window associated with Aberrant Subclavian Artery. Cardiology in the Young (2016). In Press.
    • Groer, M. W., Ashmeade T., Louis-Jacques, A., Beckstead, J., Ji, M. Relationships of Feeding and Mother's Own Milk with Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Preterm Infants" Breastfeed Med. 2016 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27002351
    • Groer, M. W., Gregory, K. E., Louis-Jacques, A., Thibeau, S. and Walker, W. A. (2015). The very low birth weight infant microbiome and childhood health. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015 Dec;105(4):252-64. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21115. Epub 2015 Dec 10. Review. PMID: 26663857
    • Sinkey RG, Salihu HM, King LM, Paothong A, Louis-Jacques A, Pradhan A, et al. Homocysteine Levels Are not Related to Telomere Length in Cord Blood Leukocytes of Newborns. Am J Perinatol. 2015 Dec 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26692203
    • Nwabuobi C1, McDowell M1, Običan S1. Severe bicuspid aortic stenosis in pregnancy: balancing the risk of prematurity and maternal mortality. Cardiol Young. 2018 Feb 8:1-3  
    • Nwabuobi C1, Arlier S2,3, Schatz F4, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O5, Lockwood CJ6, Kayisli UA7 hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Sep 22;18(10)
    • Nwabuobi C, Arlier S, Schatz F, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lockwood CJ, Kayisli UA. hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Sep 22;18(10):2037. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102037. PMID: 28937611; PMCID: PMC5666719.
    • Carris NW, Nwabuobi CK, He W, Bullers K, Wilson RE, Louis JM, Magness RR. Review of Prediabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Apr;38(5):428-435. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1698831. Epub 2019 Nov 10. PMID: 31707724; PMCID: PMC7227138.
    • Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Semerci N, Guo X, Larsen K, Ozmen A, Arlier S, Mutluay D, Nwabuobi C, Sipe B, Buhimschi I, Buhimschi C, Schatz F, Kayisli UA, Lockwood CJ. Decidual cell FKBP51-progesterone receptor binding mediates maternal stress-induced preterm birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Mar 16;118(11):e2010282118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010282118. PMID: 33836562; PMCID: PMC7980401.
    • Sinkey RG, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Arlier S, Guo X, Semerci N, Moore R, Ozmen A, Larsen K, Nwabuobi C, Kumar D, Moore JJ, Buckwalder LF, Schatz F, Kayisli UA, Lockwood CJ. Thrombin-Induced Decidual Colony-Stimulating Factor-2 Promotes Abruption-Related Preterm Birth by Weakening Fetal Membranes. Am J Pathol. 2020 Feb;190(2):388-399. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.020. PMID: 31955792.
    • Leavitt K, Odibo L, Nwabuobi C, Tuuli MG, Odibo A. The value of introducing cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) versus umbilical artery (UA) Doppler alone for the prediction of neonatal small for gestational age (SGA) and short-term adverse outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 May;34(10):1565-1569. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1640206. Epub 2019 Jul 21. PMID: 31269840; PMCID: PMC6980441.
    • Nwabuobi C, Gowda N, Schmitz J, Wood N, Pargas A, Bagiardi L, Odibo L, Camisasca-Lopina H, Kuznicki M, Sinkey R, Odibo A. Risk factors for Cesarean delivery in pregnancy with small-for-gestational-age fetus undergoing induction of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jun;55(6):799-805. doi: 10.1002/uog.20850. PMID: 31441151.
    • Nwabuobi C, Odibo L, Camisasca-Lopina H, Leavitt K, Tuuli M, Odibo AO. Comparing INTERGROWTH-21st Century and Hadlock growth standards to predict small for gestational age and short-term neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Jun;33(11):1906-1912. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1533945. Epub 2019 Jan 6. PMID: 30614334.
    • Nwabuobi C, McDowell M, Običan S. Severe bicuspid aortic stenosis in pregnancy: balancing the risk of prematurity and maternal mortality. Cardiol Young. 2018 May;28(5):756-758. doi: 10.1017/S104795111800001X. Epub 2018 Feb 8. PMID: 29415779.
    • Odibo AO, Nwabuobi C, Odibo L, Leavitt K, Obican S, Tuuli MG. Customized fetal growth standard compared with the INTERGROWTH-21st century standard at predicting small-for-gestational-age neonates. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018 Nov;97(11):1381-1387. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13394. Epub 2018 Jul 16. PMID: 29878301.
    • Gowda N, Nwabuobi CK, Louis JM. Catheter-Directed Thrombolytic Therapy in the Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Nov;134(5):1002-1004. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003532. PMID: 31599843.
    • Familiari A, Khalil A, Rizzo G, Odibo A, Vergani P, Buca D, Hidaka N, Di Mascio D, Nwabuobi C, Simeone S, Mecacci F, Visentin S, Cosmi E, Liberati M, D'Amico A, Flacco ME, Martellucci CA, Manzoli L, Nappi L, Iacovella C, Bahlmann F, Melchiorre K, Scambia G, Berghella V, D'Antonio F. Adverse intrapartum outcome in pregnancies complicated by small for gestational age and late fetal growth restriction undergoing induction of labor with Dinoprostone, Misoprostol or mechanical methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020 Sep;252:455-467. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.020. Epub 2020 Jul 18. PMID: 32738675.
    • Navarro KG, Agyingi SE, Nwabuobi CK, Thomas BN. Polymorphism of the endothelin-1 gene (rs5370) is a potential contributor to sickle cell disease pathophysiology. Genes Dis. 2016 Sep 30;3(4):294-298. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.09.002. PMID: 30258900; PMCID: PMC6147159.
    • Sinkey RG, Garcia MR, Odibo AO.  Does adjunctive use of progesterone in women with cerclage improve prevention of preterm birth? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Jan 31. PMID: 28068860
    • Louis-Jacques A, Salihu HM, King LM, Paothong A, Sinkey RG, Salemi JL, Pradhan A, Siegel E, Riggs B, Whiteman VE. The positive association between umbilical cord red blood cell folate and fetal telomere length at birth supports a potential for fetal re-programming. Nutrition Research. PMID: 27269132
    • Sinkey RG, Odibo AO, Dashe J. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #37: Diagnosis and management of vasa previa. American Journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2015 November;213(5):615-9. PMID: 26292048
    • Sinkey RG, Habli MA, South AP, Gibler WW, Burns PW, Eschenbacher MA, Warshak CR. Sonographic markers associated with adverse neonatal outcomes among fetuses with gastroschisis: An eleven year, single-center review. American Journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2016 February;214(2):275.e1-7. PMID: 26454131
    • Sinkey RG, Pavelka JC, Guenther JM, Schuler KM, Basil JB. Combination Risk-Reducing Breast, Gynecologic and Reconstructive Surgery Among High-Risk Women: Does Surgical Order Impact Outcome? Journal of Gynecologic Surgery. March 2016, 32(2): 124-128.
    • Echebiri NC, Sinkey RG, Szczepanski JL, Shelton JA, McDoom MM, Odibo AO. Placental Alpha-Microglobulin-1 Test in Resource-Limited Settings. A Cost-Effective Analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2016 March;127(3):584-91. PMID: 26855102
    • Sinkey RG, Salihu HM, King LM, Paothong A, Louis-Jacques A, Pradhan A, Bruder KL, Zoorob R, Siegel E, Riggs B, Whiteman VE. Homocysteine Levels Are not Related to Telomere Length in Cord Blood Leukocytes of Newborns. American Journal of Perinatology 2016 May;33(6):552-9. PMID: 26692203