Risk Factor

Risk

Preventive Measures

Movement from place to place

Accidents (persons, vehicle)

Make use of local driver; ensure good maintenance of the vehicle; learn local driving habits; wear a seat belt.

Water

Diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, typhoid fever, polio, bilharziosis

Drink only filtered and/or chlorinated water; avoid ice creams and ice cubes; wash/peel/cook fruits and vegetables; wash hands regularly and thoroughly. Assess living environment.

Hot weather

Heat exhaustion

Do not travel during the hottest part of the day if it can be avoided; consume non-alcoholic drinks; increase salt consumption; take safe drinking water with you.

Mosquitoes

Malaria, yellow fever, dengue

Use insecticides, repellents, mosquito nets, protective clothing. Specific precautions: Chemoprophylaxis (malaria), vaccination (yellow fever)

Sexual behaviors

STDs, AIDS, hepatitis B

Use condoms, practice low risk sexual behavior.

Professional procedures/activities

AIDS, hepatitis B and C

Use Universal Precautions, vigilance measures: hygiene, asepsis, sterilization, waste disposal, e.g.